Frequency of smoking cessation and associated factors among consumers of Cessation Clinics of the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background:Smoking cessation clinics were established in Saudi Arabia in 2014 to control smoking among the Saudi population and contribute to realizing the Saudi vision 2030 of having a healthy nation. This study aimed to determine the frequency of smoking cessation and associated factors among consumers of Ministry of Health (MOH) clinics and to measure their satisfaction with the services provided.
Methods:A cross-sectional study of 800 participants was conducted from June to December 2019 at MOH smoking cessation clinics in Saudi Arabia. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect databy phone interview through the health consultation center (937) at (MOH).
Results:The frequency of quitting smoking among the consumers of (MOH) smoking cessation clinics was 26.0% and the frequency of smoking relapse after quitting attempts was 52.3%. The main indicators of quitting smoking were related to contentment, self-efficacy and social, family support as well as counseling services and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) provided by these clinics. About 70% of the participants were satisfied with the services.
Conclusion:Smoking cessation clinics in Saudi Arabia have played an important role in helping individuals to quit smoking. More attention must be payed to these clinics to ensure optimum level of service and medication provision.
Keywords:Saudi Arabia, Smoking Cessation, Cessation Clinics, Relapse, Satisfaction.
References
National Transition Program. [Internet]. 2016. Available from: http://vision2030.gov.sa/sites/default/files/NTP_ar.pdf
- World Health Organization. Assessment of the economic costs of smoking. Geneva: WHO 2011:1-115.
Anh PTH, Ross H, Anh NQ, Linh BN, Minh NT. Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam. Tobacco control. 2014; 0:1–5.
World Health Organization. A guide for tobacco users to quit [Internet]. World Health Organization Publication; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/
World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017 [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/policy/country_profile/sau.pdf?ua=1
Kabat GC, Wynder EL. Determinants of quitting smoking. American Journal of Public Health. 1987 Oct;77(10):1301-5.
IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp Released 2012.
Adult Tobacco Use Information. National Health Interview Survey. CDC 2017. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/tobacco/tobacco_glossary.htm [viewed 10 Sept. 2019]
Garvey, A. J., Bliss, R. E., Hitchcock, J. L., Heinold, J. W., & Rosner, B. (1992). Predictors of smoking relapse among self-quitters: a report from the Normative Aging Study. Addictive behaviors, 17(4), 367-377.â€
Borland R, Owen N, Hill D, et al. Predicting attempts and sustained cessation of smoking after the introduction of workplace smoking bans. Health Psychol 1991;10:336–42
Dijkstra A, de Vries H, Bakker M. Pros and cons of quitting, self-efficacy, and the stages of change in smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64:758–63
CangaN, De IralaJ, VaraE, DuasoMJ, FerrerA, Martinez-GonzalezMA. Intervention study for smoking cessation in diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial in both clinical and primary care settings.Diabetes Care200023145560CrossRef PubMed
AveyardP, GriffinC, LawrenceT, ChengKK. A controlled trial of an expert system and self-help manual intervention based on the stages of change versus standard self-help materials in smoking cessation.Addiction20039834554CrossRef PubMed
LancasterT, DobbieW, VosK, YudkinP, MurphyM, FowlerG. Randomized trial of nurse-assisted strategies for smoking cessation in primary care.Br J Gen Pract1999491914 PubMed
Ranney L, Melvin C, Lux L, McClain E, Lohr KN. Systematic Review: Smoking Cessation Intervention Strategies for Adults and Adults in Special Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:845–856. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-11-200612050-00142
Silagy C, Lancaster T, Stead LF, Mant D, Fowler G. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000146. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub2.
KillenJD, FortmannSP, SchatzbergAF, HaywardC, SussmanL, RothmanM. et alNicotine patch and paroxetine for smoking cessation.J Consult Clin Psychol2000688839CrossRef PubMed
BohadanaA, NilssonF, RasmussenT, MartinetY. Nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch as a combination therapy for smoking cessation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Arch Intern Med2000160312834CrossRef PubMed
MacleodZR, CharlesMA, ArnaldiVC, AdamsIM. Telephone counselling as an adjunct to nicotine patches in smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial.Med J Aust200317934952 PubMed
Carpenter MJ, HughesJR, SolomonLJ, CallasPW. Both smoking reduction with nicotine replacement therapy and motivational advice increase future cessation among smokers unmotivated to quit.J Consult Clin Psychol20047237181CrossRef PubMed
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychologkal Bulletin Cassel, 98(31), 310–357.
SOULAKOVA, Julia N., et al. Motivational benefits of social support and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Journal of smoking cessation, 2018, 13.4: 216-2
Hunt WA, Barnett LW, Brauch LG. 197 1 . Relapse rates in addiction programs. 1. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 27: 455-56.
Glasgow RE, Lichtenstein E. 1987. Long-term effects of behavioral smoking cessation interventions. Behav. Ther. 18:297-324
Bancej C, O’Loughlin J, Platt RW, Paradis G, Gervais A. Smoking cessation attempts among adolescent smokers: a systematic review of prevalence studies. Tob Control. 2007;16:e8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Oksuz E, Mutlu ET, Malhan S. Characteristics of daily and occasional smoking among youths. Public Health. 2007;121:349–356. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Glasgow RE, Lichtenstein E. 1987. Long-term effects of behavioral smoking cessation interventions. Behav. Ther. 18:297-324
Cummings, K. M., Jaén, C. R., & Giovino, G. (1985). Circumstances surrounding relapse in a group of recent exsmokers. Preventive Medicine, 14(2), 195-202.â€
Al’Absi, M., Hatsukami, D., Davis, G. L., & Wittmers, L. E. (2004). Prospective examination of effects of smoking abstinence on cortisol and withdrawal symptoms as predictors of early smoking relapse. Drug and alcohol dependence, 73(3), 267-278.â€
Marlatt GA, Gordon JR. Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors. The Guilford Press; New York: 1985. Relapse prevention. [Google Scholar]
Schmitz JM, Rosenfarb IS, Payne TJ. Cognitive and affective responses to successful coping during smoking cessation. J Subst Abuse. 1993;5:61–72. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Piasecki TM, Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, Baker TB. Smoking withdrawal dynamics: II. Improved tests of withdrawal-relapse relations. J Abnorm Psychol. 2003;112:14–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: that was Zen, this is Tao. Am Psychol. 2004;59:224–235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Niaura R, Britt DM, Borrelli B, Shadel WG, Abrams DB, Goldstein MG. History and symptoms of depression among smokers during a self-initiated quit attempt. Nicotine Tob Res. 1999;1:251–257. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:217–238. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Fernandez E, Schiaffino A, Borrell C, Benach J, Ariza C, Ramon JM, Twose J, Nebot M, Kunst A. Social class, education, and smoking cessation: long-term follow-up of patients treated at a smoking cessation unit. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006;8:29–36. [PubMed] [Google Scholar
Ockene JK, Emmons KM, Mermelstein RJ, Perkins KA, Bonollo DS, Voorhees CC, Hollis JF. Relapse and maintenance issues for smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 2000;19:17–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Piper ME, Loh WY, Smith SS, Japuntich SJ, Baker TB. Using decision tree analysis to identify risk factors for relapse to smoking. Subst Use Misuse. 2011;46:492–510. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Zhou X, Nonnemaker J, Sherrill B, Gilsenan AW, Coste F, West R. Attempts to quit smoking and relapse: factors associated with success or failure from the ATTEMPT cohort study. Addict Behav. 2009;34:365–373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
GarcÃa-RodrÃguez O, Secades-Villa,R, Flórez-Salamanc L, Okud M, Liu SM and Carlos Blancob C. Probability and predictors of relapse to smoking: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Drug Alcohol Depend 201310(1);132(3)479-485
Hubert W. Vesper, Maya R. Sternberg, Tunde Frame, and Christine M. Pfeiffer*Among ten sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, smoking is strongly associated with biomarkers of acrylamide exposure in a representative sample of the US population. J Nutr.2013 Jun;143(6):995S-1000S.
Monsoa E, Campbellb J, Tonnesenc P, Gustavssonb G and Moreraa J. Sociodemographic predictors of success in smoking intervention. Tobacco Control 2001; 10:165-169.
Schulte DM, Duster M, Warrack S, Valentine S, Jorenby D, Shirley D, Sosman J, Catz S, Safdar N. Feasibility and patient satisfaction with smoking cessation interventions for prevention of healthcare-associated infections in inpatients. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy. 2016 Dec;11(1):15.
Alessi SM, Rash CJ. Treatment satisfaction in a randomized clinical trial of mHealth smoking abstinence reinforcement. Journal of substance abuse treatment. 2017 Jan 1;72:103-10
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of the submission while granting the journal the right to publish it in the journal and in print.
